CLAT Current Affairs Notes | 21 July 2026 | The Hindu + Indian Express + Times of India

1. Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Amendment Bill, 2026 Passed in Parliament

Source: ANI, Deccan Herald, LiveLaw | Category: Indian Polity & Constitutional Law

What Happened?

The Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Amendment Bill, 2026 was introduced in the Lok Sabha on July 20, 2026, by Union Minister of State for Law and Justice Arjun Ram Meghwal, during the ongoing Monsoon Session of Parliament. The Lok Sabha took up the Bill for consideration and passing on July 21, 2026. The Bill amends the Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Act, 1956 to increase the sanctioned strength of Supreme Court judges from 33 to 37, excluding the Chief Justice of India — raising the total bench strength to 38 including the CJI. The Bill replaces an ordinance promulgated by President Droupadi Murmu on May 16, 2026, after the Union Cabinet approved the increase on May 5, 2026.

Why is this IMPORTANT for CLAT?

• The Bill demonstrates the interplay between executive ordinance-making power (Article 123) and parliamentary legislation — a core CLAT constitutional law concept.
• CLAT passages often feature the Supreme Court, judicial appointments, and the independence of the judiciary — this directly feeds those themes.
• Since the Bill amends a statutory law (not the Constitution), it requires only a simple majority — a distinction CLAT tests frequently in passages about constitutional vs. ordinary legislation.
• The backdrop of India's rising pendency of cases and judicial vacancies is a policy/governance angle CLAT RC passages explore.

Key Static Concepts to Link

• Article 124 of the Constitution: Establishes the Supreme Court; originally empowered Parliament to determine the number of judges.
• Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Act, 1956: The parent statute; Section 2 is what this Bill amends.
• Article 123: President's Ordinance-making power — used here on May 16, 2026 (the ordinance this Bill replaces).
• Simple Majority vs. Special Majority: Amending an ordinary statute requires a simple majority; amending the Constitution (Articles 368, 124 itself) requires special majority.
• Collegium System: SC judges are appointed per the NJAC judgment (2015) framework — Collegium recommends, President appoints.
• CJI: Chief Justice of India — office established under Article 124(1).

Possible CLAT Questions

Q1. The Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Amendment Bill, 2026, once passed, will bring the total sanctioned strength of the Supreme Court (including the CJI) to:

A. 33 B. 34 C. 37 D. 38

Q2. The parent statute amended by the Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Amendment Bill, 2026 is:

A. The Supreme Court Rules, 1966 B. The Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Act, 1956 C. The Judges (Inquiry) Act, 1968 D. The High Courts Act, 1861

Q3. Which constitutional provision empowers the President to promulgate ordinances when Parliament is not in session?

A. Article 112 B. Article 123 C. Article 213 D. Article 356

Q4. The Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Amendment Bill, 2026 requires which type of majority for passage in Parliament?

A. Special majority under Article 368 B. Absolute majority C. Simple majority D. Two-thirds majority of total membership

Q5. Who introduced the Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Amendment Bill, 2026 in Lok Sabha?

A. Kiren Rijiju B. Arjun Ram Meghwal C. Amit Shah D. S. Jaishankar

Answers: Q1-D, Q2-B, Q3-B, Q4-C, Q5-B

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2. NITI Aayog Launches 10-Year Bioeconomy Roadmap — USD 691 Billion Target by 2035

Source: PIB, AffairsCloud, Times of India | Category: Major National Policies / Government Schemes

What Happened?

NITI Aayog released the "Roadmap for Building India as a Leading Bioeconomy Powerhouse by 2035" in July 2026 at the National Media Centre, New Delhi. The roadmap was formally launched by Union MoS (Independent Charge) Dr. Jitendra Singh, Ministry of Science & Technology, alongside CEO of NITI Aayog Nidhi Chhibber. The roadmap was developed by NITI Frontier Tech Hub (NITI-FTH) in consultation with the Department of Biotechnology (DBT). The key target is to scale India's bioeconomy to USD 691 billion by 2035 and USD 2.6 trillion by 2047, generate over 30 million high-value jobs, and position India among the world's top-3 biotechnology powers. The roadmap proposes six National BioMissions: GeneIndia, AgriBio 2.0, BioX Foundry, One Health Grid, Marine Biotechnology, and BioPharmaNext, alongside a Rs 50,000 crore BioEconomy Growth Fund.

Why is this IMPORTANT for CLAT?

• NITI Aayog's policy documents are common passage sources in CLAT — the bioeconomy theme links to science policy, economic governance, and India@100 vision.
• CLAT tests knowledge of India's think-tanks and planning institutions — NITI Aayog replaced the Planning Commission in 2015.
• The Rs 1 lakh crore RDI framework and sub-fund of Rs 50,000 crore for bioeconomy touches on fiscal federalism and technology law.
• The concept of "BioData governance" (National BioData Council) links to emerging areas of data law and privacy — a CLAT-relevant trend.

Key Static Concepts to Link

• NITI Aayog: Established January 1, 2015; replaced Planning Commission (est. 1950); its full form is National Institution for Transforming India; PM is the ex-officio Chairperson.
• Department of Biotechnology (DBT): Under Ministry of Science & Technology; key implementing body for India's biotech policy.
• India@100 Vision: The government's developmental goals for 2047 (centenary of Independence).
• Bioeconomy: Use of biological resources and processes for sustainable production of goods, energy, and services.
• Research, Development and Innovation (RDI) Fund: Rs 1 lakh crore framework; the Rs 50,000 crore BioEconomy Growth Fund is carved from within it.
• Viksit Bharat: Development philosophy underpinning flagship policy roadmaps like this one.

Possible CLAT Questions

Q1. The NITI Aayog "Roadmap for Building India as a Leading Bioeconomy Powerhouse by 2035" targets India's bioeconomy at which value by 2035?

A. USD 500 billion B. USD 691 billion C. USD 1 trillion D. USD 2.6 trillion

Q2. Which of the following is NOT one of the six National BioMissions proposed in the NITI Aayog Bioeconomy Roadmap?

A. GeneIndia B. BioX Foundry C. CarbonBio D. One Health Grid

Q3. NITI Aayog was established to replace which body?

A. Finance Commission B. National Development Council C. Planning Commission D. Economic Advisory Council

Q4. The BioEconomy Growth Fund proposed in the roadmap is worth:

A. Rs 25,000 crore B. Rs 1 lakh crore C. Rs 50,000 crore D. Rs 75,000 crore

Q5. The NITI Aayog Bioeconomy Roadmap was developed by which internal body of NITI Aayog?

A. NITI Policy Lab B. NITI Frontier Tech Hub (NITI-FTH) C. NITI Innovation Fund D. Atal Innovation Mission

Answers: Q1-B, Q2-C, Q3-C, Q4-C, Q5-B

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3. EPFO Launches VISHWAS 2026 — One-Time Dispute Resolution Scheme

Source: PIB, AffairsCloud | Category: Economy: Regulation & Labour Law

What Happened?

The Employees' Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO), under the Ministry of Labour & Employment, launched "VISHWAS 2026" — a one-time dispute resolution scheme for the amicable settlement of damages and penalty-related disputes. The scheme covers disputes under Section 14B of the Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952, and Section 128 of the Code on Social Security, 2020. VISHWAS 2026 was notified through G.S.R. 525(E) on June 29, 2026 and remains operational for six months from that date. The scheme covers cases where penalty/damages orders are under judicial challenge, final orders with pending or partial recovery, and cases where notices have been issued but final orders are pending. EPFO has established VISHWAS Cells for smooth implementation.

Why is this IMPORTANT for CLAT?

• CLAT passages frequently explore labour law — EPFO (governing PF), the Code on Social Security 2020, and dispute resolution mechanisms are key areas.
• The scheme touches on the principle of amicable/alternative dispute resolution (ADR) — a concept with constitutional backing under Article 39A (legal aid).
• The use of a "one-time scheme" with a defined validity window is common in Indian administrative law; CLAT tests students' ability to evaluate policy design from a legal lens.
• Section 14B (EPF Act) — penalties for delayed payments — is a practical illustration of employer obligations under labour legislation.

Key Static Concepts to Link

• EPFO: Established 1952; statutory body under Ministry of Labour & Employment; implements EPF & MP Act, 1952.
• Section 14B, EPF & MP Act, 1952: Empowers authorities to levy damages for delayed payment of contributions.
• Code on Social Security, 2020: One of India's four labour codes; consolidates 9 central labour laws; Section 128 deals with damages.
• Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR): Mechanism encouraged by Indian courts and legislature — Lok Adalat, Conciliation, Arbitration.
• G.S.R. (General Statutory Rules): A type of subordinate legislation notified under a parent statute.
• VISHWAS: Acronym standing for Vivaad Se Vishwas — signifying the philosophy of trust-based resolution.

Possible CLAT Questions

Q1. EPFO's VISHWAS 2026 scheme covers disputes arising under which section of the EPF & MP Act, 1952?

A. Section 2A B. Section 7A C. Section 14B D. Section 17

Q2. Which of the following best describes the Code on Social Security, 2020?

A. A standalone law creating new labour rights B. A consolidation of nine central labour laws under one framework C. An amendment to the Constitution relating to workers' rights D. A bilateral treaty between India and ILO

Q3. Under VISHWAS 2026, for how long from the date of notification does the scheme remain operational?

A. Three months B. Six months C. One year D. Two years

Q4. EPFO functions under which Ministry?

A. Ministry of Finance B. Ministry of Corporate Affairs C. Ministry of Labour & Employment D. Ministry of Social Justice

Q5. The constitutional provision most directly linked to legal aid and accessible dispute resolution in India is:

A. Article 21 B. Article 39A C. Article 51A D. Article 32

Answers: Q1-C, Q2-B, Q3-B, Q4-C, Q5-B

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4. RBI's Financial Inclusion Index Rises to 70 in FY26; Issues Final Prudential Norms on SNFA

Source: RBI, AffairsCloud | Category: Economy: Regulation & New Financial Instruments

What Happened?

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) released composite data on the Financial Inclusion Index (FI-Index) for FY 2025-26, which rose to 70 in March 2026 from 67 in March 2025 — reflecting continued progress in financial inclusion across access, usage, and quality dimensions. Separately, the RBI issued final "Prudential Norms on Specified Non-Financial Assets (SNFA) acquired by Regulated Entities" under the 'Resolution of Stressed Assets Directions, 2025'. The new SNFA framework, effective from October 1, 2026, prohibits Regulated Entities (REs) — including banks and NBFCs — from selling SNFA back to the defaulting borrower, its promoters, related parties, or entities acting on their behalf.

Why is this IMPORTANT for CLAT?

• CLAT passages on banking regulation, financial inclusion (a Directive Principle theme), and the RBI's regulatory role are common.
• The FI-Index measures inclusion across "Access", "Usage", and "Quality" dimensions — a nuanced policy tool CLAT RC passages can feature.
• The SNFA norms touch on distressed asset resolution — a key area where banking law intersects with commercial law (Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, SARFAESI Act).
• Article 38 and 39 (DPSP) — ensuring an adequate means of livelihood and distribution of wealth — form the constitutional backdrop for financial inclusion.

Key Static Concepts to Link

• RBI: Established April 1, 1935; nationalized 1949; headquartered in Mumbai; governed by RBI Act, 1934.
• Financial Inclusion Index (FI-Index): Launched by RBI in August 2021; single composite index without any base year; measures inclusion on a 0-100 scale.
• SNFA (Specified Non-Financial Asset): Assets acquired by lenders (banks/NBFCs) from defaulting borrowers in lieu of loan repayment — typically real estate, equipment, securities.
• SARFAESI Act, 2002: Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest — allows banks to auction assets without court intervention.
• Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), 2016: Comprehensive framework for resolving insolvency of companies and individuals.
• NBFC: Non-Banking Financial Company — regulated by RBI but does not hold a banking licence; cannot accept demand deposits.

Possible CLAT Questions

Q1. The RBI's Financial Inclusion Index for FY 2025-26 (March 2026) stood at:

A. 65 B. 67 C. 70 D. 75

Q2. Which of the following best describes the RBI's Financial Inclusion Index?

A. An index with a 2015 base year comparing inflation data B. A composite index measuring access, usage, and quality of financial services, without a base year C. A rank-based index comparing India with other BRICS nations D. An index monitoring only rural bank branch penetration

Q3. The new SNFA prudential norms issued by RBI will come into effect from:

A. July 1, 2026 B. August 1, 2026 C. October 1, 2026 D. January 1, 2027

Q4. Which law allows banks to recover loans by auctioning mortgaged assets without a court order?

A. Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 B. SARFAESI Act, 2002 C. Recovery of Debts and Bankruptcy Act, 1993 D. Companies Act, 2013

Q5. The RBI was established under which legislation?

A. RBI Act, 1949 B. Banking Regulation Act, 1949 C. RBI Act, 1934 D. Nationalization of Banks Act, 1969

Answers: Q1-C, Q2-B, Q3-C, Q4-B, Q5-C

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5. India's First Two Geothermal Wells Commissioned in Ladakh's Puga Valley

Source: PIB, AffairsCloud | Category: Environment, Climate, Energy & Sustainability

What Happened?

Lieutenant Governor of Ladakh VK Saxena commissioned India's first and deepest two 1,000-metre geothermal wells at Puga Valley in Ladakh, executed by ONGC Energy Centre. At 400m depth, the wells recorded a maximum temperature of 135°C. These wells are central to the implementation of a 1 MW Pilot Geothermal Power Plant at Puga Valley — located at an altitude of over 14,000 feet above sea level — which will be India's first demonstration-scale geothermal power project. The project will enable critical reservoir evaluation, power plant planning, and eventual commercial development of geothermal resources in Ladakh.

Why is this IMPORTANT for CLAT?

• Geothermal energy, renewable energy policy, and India's clean energy transition are frequently featured in CLAT RC passages related to environment and policy.
• Ladakh as a Union Territory (since October 31, 2019) and its governance structure (governed by a Lieutenant Governor under Article 239) are core polity facts.
• ONGC (a Maharatna PSU) and energy security are themes that CLAT passages on economic law and public sector reform explore.
• India's net-zero commitments (2070 target) and the push for diverse renewable sources give geothermal high salience in CLAT environmental law discussions.

Key Static Concepts to Link

• Geothermal Energy: Heat energy extracted from the Earth's interior — classified as renewable because the Earth continuously produces heat.
• Puga Valley, Ladakh: One of India's highest-potential geothermal zones; located at ~14,000 feet altitude.
• ONGC: Oil and Natural Gas Corporation — a Maharatna Central Public Sector Enterprise (CPSE); India's largest oil and gas company.
• Ladakh as UT: Became a Union Territory (without legislature) on October 31, 2019, via the Jammu & Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019.
• Article 239: Governs UTs — administered by the President through a Lieutenant Governor or Administrator.
• India's Net-Zero Target: India committed to achieving net-zero emissions by 2070 at COP26 (Glasgow, 2021).

Possible CLAT Questions

Q1. India's first geothermal wells were commissioned at which location?

A. Tattapani, Chhattisgarh B. Puga Valley, Ladakh C. Manikaran, Himachal Pradesh D. Surajkund, Haryana

Q2. The geothermal wells in Ladakh were executed by which entity?

A. NTPC Limited B. ONGC Energy Centre C. BHEL D. Ministry of New and Renewable Energy

Q3. Ladakh became a Union Territory under which legislation?

A. Constitution (100th Amendment) Act, 2015 B. Jammu & Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019 C. State Reorganisation Act, 1956 D. Constitution (Amendment) Act, 2019

Q4. Which constitutional article governs the administration of Union Territories?

A. Article 235 B. Article 239 C. Article 246 D. Article 370

Q5. At 400 metres depth, the maximum temperature recorded in the Ladakh geothermal wells was:

A. 80°C B. 100°C C. 120°C D. 135°C

Answers: Q1-B, Q2-B, Q3-B, Q4-B, Q5-D

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6. MoHUA Approves Rs 2,719.80 Crore for Urban Development in Ahmedabad Under Urban Challenge Fund

Source: PIB, AffairsCloud | Category: Major National Policies / Government Schemes

What Happened?

The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) approved six transformative urban development projects worth Rs 2,719.80 crore for Ahmedabad, Gujarat, under PM Narendra Modi's Urban Challenge Fund (UCF). The six projects include rehabilitation of the main sewerage network in West and East Ahmedabad, upgrading old sewerage networks, an Intelligent Water Management System (IWMS), a 125 TPD Integrated Sludge Management Facility, and an Intelligent Traffic Management System (ITMS) with Automatic Fare Collection System (AFCS). Funding follows a 25:25:50 pattern — 25% Central Government, 25% Government of Gujarat, and 50% from municipal bonds, loans, or PPP. The Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) will receive Rs 679.95 crore each from the Centre and the State.

Why is this IMPORTANT for CLAT?

• Urban governance — municipality powers (Article 243P-ZG), 74th Constitutional Amendment — is a key CLAT polity topic.
• PPP (Public-Private Partnership) models and municipal bonds as instruments of urban finance are emerging CLAT policy themes.
• Ahmedabad's Urban Local Body (ULB) framework and Gujarat's role in urban infrastructure illustrate Centre-State-Local cooperation — a 3-tier federalism concept.
• Smart cities, urban sustainability, and AMRUT/UCF-type schemes are frequently tested in CLAT GK and legal awareness sections.

Key Static Concepts to Link

• 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992: Gave constitutional status to urban local bodies (ULBs); inserted Part IX-A and 12th Schedule.
• 12th Schedule: Lists 18 functions of ULBs including urban planning, regulation of land use, water supply, and public health.
• Urban Challenge Fund (UCF): PM Modi's scheme for transformative urban infrastructure funding.
• PPP (Public-Private Partnership): Collaborative framework between government and private sector for infrastructure development.
• Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC): Established under the Bombay Provincial Municipal Corporations Act, 1949.
• AMRUT (Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation): Earlier flagship urban infrastructure scheme — UCF is its successor in spirit.

Possible CLAT Questions

Q1. Under the Urban Challenge Fund (UCF) for Ahmedabad, what is the funding ratio between the Central Government, Gujarat Government, and other sources?

A. 33:33:33 B. 25:25:50 C. 50:25:25 D. 40:30:30

Q2. Which Constitutional Amendment gave urban local bodies (ULBs) constitutional recognition?

A. 73rd Amendment Act, 1992 B. 74th Amendment Act, 1992 C. 86th Amendment Act, 2002 D. 44th Amendment Act, 1978

Q3. The 12th Schedule of the Indian Constitution, inserted by the 74th Amendment, lists how many functions of ULBs?

A. 11 B. 14 C. 18 D. 29

Q4. Which Ministry approved the urban development projects under the Urban Challenge Fund for Ahmedabad?

A. Ministry of Urban Development B. Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs C. Ministry of Commerce D. NITI Aayog

Q5. Which Constitutional article deals with the establishment of municipalities?

A. Article 243B B. Article 243Q C. Article 243P D. Article 246A

Answers: Q1-B, Q2-B, Q3-C, Q4-B, Q5-B

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7. Andhra Pradesh Signs MoU with UN-Habitat for Sustainable Urban Development

Source: PIB, AffairsCloud | Category: International Relations / Multilateral Cooperation

What Happened?

The Government of Andhra Pradesh signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) to establish a long-term partnership for sustainable, inclusive, and climate-resilient urban development. The MoU was signed by the Municipal Administration Department in the presence of CM N. Chandrababu Naidu and UN-Habitat Executive Director Anacláudia Rossbach (virtually from Singapore). The partnership will establish a Centre of Excellence (CoE) for Urban Affairs in Amaravati and will support AP's flagship programmes: SURGE AP, RISE AP, UPLIFT AP, and Zero Poverty vision through the P4 Programme.

Why is this IMPORTANT for CLAT?

• UN-Habitat is a key UN agency — CLAT tests knowledge of UN organs, agencies, and sustainable development (SDGs).
• Amaravati as AP's capital city has had constitutional and judicial dimensions (AP High Court rulings on capital city development).
• State-international organisation partnerships — constitutional permission under federal structure and Article 253 (treaties) — are testable CLAT concepts.
• SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) directly links to this MoU — the 17 SDGs are frequently tested in CLAT GA sections.

Key Static Concepts to Link

• UN-Habitat (United Nations Human Settlements Programme): Established 1978; headquartered in Nairobi, Kenya; focuses on sustainable urbanisation and human settlements.
• SDG 11: "Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable" — among the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (2015-2030).
• Article 253: Parliament can legislate for implementation of international treaties/agreements — basis for Centre's power in matters with states when treaties are involved.
• Amaravati: Proposed capital of Andhra Pradesh; its development and legal status has been subject to multiple High Court and Supreme Court proceedings.
• P4 Programme: People, Planet, Prosperity, and Partnerships — UN-Habitat's integrated urban development framework.
• Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014: Bifurcated Andhra Pradesh and created Telangana — context for Amaravati capital selection.

Possible CLAT Questions

Q1. UN-Habitat, which signed an MoU with Andhra Pradesh in July 2026, is headquartered in which city?

A. Geneva, Switzerland B. Vienna, Austria C. Nairobi, Kenya D. New York, USA

Q2. Which Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) directly corresponds to sustainable cities and human settlements?

A. SDG 9 B. SDG 10 C. SDG 11 D. SDG 13

Q3. Under which constitutional article can Parliament legislate to implement India's treaty obligations affecting state subjects?

A. Article 246 B. Article 248 C. Article 253 D. Article 256

Q4. Andhra Pradesh was bifurcated to create the state of Telangana through which legislation?

A. Andhra Pradesh State Reorganisation Act, 2014 B. Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 C. States Reorganisation (Amendment) Act, 2014 D. Telangana State Act, 2013

Q5. The Centre of Excellence for Urban Affairs under the AP-UN-Habitat MoU will be established in which city?

A. Visakhapatnam B. Hyderabad C. Amaravati D. Vijayawada

Answers: Q1-C, Q2-C, Q3-C, Q4-B, Q5-C

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8. 72nd National Film Awards (2024 Films): 'Article 370' Named Best Feature Film

Source: PIB, AffairsCloud | Category: Awards & Cultural Affairs (CLAT GK Filler)

What Happened?

The jury of the 72nd National Film Awards announced the list of winners for the year 2024 in July 2026. The film "Article 370," directed by Aditya Suhas Jambhale, won the Best Feature Film award. Yami Gautam won Best Actress for the same film. Mammootty and Kartik Aaryan jointly won Best Actor (Leading Role) for Bramayugam and Chandu Champion respectively. Mammootty's win is his 4th National Film Award. Rajkumar Periyasamy won Best Direction for "Amaran" (Tamil). Kalki 2898 AD (directed by Nag Ashwin) won Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment. Randeep Hooda won Best Debut Film of a Director for Swatantrya Veer Savarkar.

Why is this IMPORTANT for CLAT?

• "Article 370" as a Best Film winner connects to a real constitutional event — Article 370 was abrogated in August 2019 — CLAT frequently tests constitutional amendments and their political-legal context.
• National Film Awards are government awards (announced by Ministry of I&B) — they test factual GK relevant to arts and culture.
• Mammootty's 4th National Award is a statistics-based fact that CLAT MCQ-style GK sections pick up.
• The Rajat Kamal (Silver Lotus) award — winners receive it — is a factual item tested in GK.

Key Static Concepts to Link

• Article 370: Granted special status to Jammu & Kashmir; abrogated via Presidential Order on August 5, 2019, following passage of J&K Reorganisation Act, 2019.
• National Film Awards: Administered by the Directorate of Film Festivals, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting; established in 1954.
• Rajat Kamal: Silver Lotus trophy — given for National Film Award winners (Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Director, etc.); Best Film wins Swarna Kamal (Golden Lotus).
• Mammootty: Four-time National Award winner; acclaimed Malayalam actor.
• Ministry of Information and Broadcasting: The central ministry that oversees Film Certification, Prasar Bharati, and National Film Awards.
• CBFC (Central Board of Film Certification): Statutory body under I&B Ministry; certifies films for public exhibition.

Possible CLAT Questions

Q1. At the 72nd National Film Awards, the Best Feature Film award was won by which film?

A. Amaran B. Chandu Champion C. Article 370 D. Kalki 2898 AD

Q2. Article 370 of the Indian Constitution, which featured in the Best Feature Film's title, was abrogated in:

A. July 2019 B. August 2019 C. October 2019 D. November 2019

Q3. The National Film Award for Best Actor (Leading Role) at the 72nd ceremony was jointly won by Mammootty and:

A. Ranveer Singh B. Kartik Aaryan C. Randeep Hooda D. Nag Ashwin

Q4. The National Film Awards are administered by which body?

A. Film and Television Institute of India B. Central Board of Film Certification C. Directorate of Film Festivals, MIB D. National Film Development Corporation

Q5. Which award (trophy name) is given to National Film Award winners in the Best Actress/Actor category?

A. Swarna Kamal B. Rajat Kamal C. Padma Bhushan D. National Excellence Trophy

Answers: Q1-C, Q2-B, Q3-B, Q4-C, Q5-B

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9. FIFA World Cup 2026: Spain Wins Second Title, Beats Argentina 1-0 in Final

Source: ANI, Times of India, BBC | Category: Sports

What Happened?

The 2026 FIFA World Cup — the 23rd edition — concluded on July 19, 2026, at MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey, USA. Spain defeated defending champions Argentina 1-0 after extra time in the final, with substitute Ferran Torres scoring the decisive goal in the 106th minute, giving Spain their second FIFA World Cup title (after 2010). The tournament was co-hosted across 16 host cities in the USA (11), Mexico (3), and Canada (2), and featured an expanded 48-team format (up from 32 teams) across 104 matches. Spain's Rodri won the Golden Ball; France's Kylian Mbappé claimed the Golden Boot (10 goals); Argentina's Lionel Messi won the Silver Ball (8 goals, 4 assists, aged 39 — the oldest outfield player to start a World Cup final).

Why is this IMPORTANT for CLAT?

• FIFA World Cup records and results form part of the GK sections in CLAT and can appear in RC passages on globalisation, sports governance, or comparative culture.
• The expanded 48-team format reflects FIFA's global policy on equity and inclusion — relevant to CLAT passages on international organisations.
• Spain's Unai Simón keeping 7 clean sheets in 8 matches — a record — is a factual anchor CLAT MCQs test.
• India's co-bidding efforts for future hosting rights and FIFA as an international sports body are governance-adjacent topics.

Key Static Concepts to Link

• FIFA: Fédération Internationale de Football Association; headquartered in Zurich, Switzerland; founded 1904.
• 23rd FIFA World Cup (2026): First World Cup with 48 teams; first World Cup co-hosted by 3 countries (USA, Mexico, Canada).
• Spain's World Cup victories: 2010 (South Africa) and 2026 (USA-Mexico-Canada).
• Golden Ball: Award for best player of the tournament — won by Rodri (Spain) in 2026.
• Golden Boot: Award for top scorer — won by Kylian Mbappé with 10 goals in 2026.
• MetLife Stadium: Venue of the 2026 FIFA World Cup Final; located in East Rutherford, New Jersey, USA.

Possible CLAT Questions

Q1. The 2026 FIFA World Cup Final was played at which venue?

A. Rose Bowl, Los Angeles B. Estadio Azteca, Mexico City C. MetLife Stadium, New Jersey D. Rogers Centre, Toronto

Q2. Which player won the Golden Ball award at the 2026 FIFA World Cup?

A. Lionel Messi B. Kylian Mbappé C. Rodri D. Ferran Torres

Q3. The 2026 FIFA World Cup featured how many teams — marking the first expanded edition?

A. 32 B. 40 C. 48 D. 64

Q4. Spain won the FIFA World Cup 2026 by defeating which country in the final?

A. France B. Germany C. Brazil D. Argentina

Q5. Kylian Mbappé won the Golden Boot at the 2026 FIFA World Cup with how many goals?

A. 7 B. 8 C. 9 D. 10

Answers: Q1-C, Q2-C, Q3-C, Q4-D, Q5-D

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10. PV Sindhu Wins Japan Open 2026 Women's Singles Title in Tokyo

Source: ANI, AffairsCloud | Category: Sports

What Happened?

India's two-time Olympic medallist PV Sindhu won her maiden Japan Open women's singles title at the 2026 Japan Open (officially Daihatsu Japan Open 2026), the 43rd edition of the BWF Super 750 tournament held at Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium in Tokyo, Japan (July 14-19, 2026). Sindhu defeated Japan's Akane Yamaguchi 21-17, 21-17 in the final. In the men's singles, France's Christo Popov claimed the title with a 21-11, 21-19 victory over Japan's Koki Watanabe. Separately, Union Minister Mansukh Mandaviya unveiled the official mascot "Peacko" — inspired by the Indian Peacock — for the 30th BWF World Championships 2026, scheduled at Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium, New Delhi, from August 17-23, 2026.

Why is this IMPORTANT for CLAT?

• PV Sindhu is India's most decorated woman badminton player — two-time Olympic medallist (Silver 2016, Bronze 2020) — a standard CLAT GK fact.
• BWF World Championships in New Delhi (2026) — India hosting a major sports event — has governance, sports law, and international relations angles.
• Sports administration and the role of the Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports (which oversees national sports federations) are CLAT-relevant institutional facts.
• The Indian Peacock (National Bird) as mascot "Peacko" — a cultural/GK link.

Key Static Concepts to Link

• PV Sindhu: Full name Pusarla Venkata Sindhu; India's first woman to win two Olympic medals in badminton (Silver 2016 Rio, Bronze 2020 Tokyo); also a World Champion (2019).
• BWF: Badminton World Federation; headquartered in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; founded 1934 as International Badminton Federation.
• BWF Super 750: Second-highest tier in the BWF World Tour circuit (below Super 1000 tournaments).
• Indian Peacock: National bird of India; the peacock (Pavo cristatus) was declared National Bird in 1963.
• Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium: Multi-purpose stadium in New Delhi; venue for major indoor sports events.
• BAI (Badminton Association of India): National governing body for badminton; established in 1934; President in 2026 — Dr. Himanta Biswa Sarma.

Possible CLAT Questions

Q1. PV Sindhu won the Japan Open 2026 Women's Singles title by defeating which player in the final?

A. Carolina Marin B. Akane Yamaguchi C. Tai Tzu-ying D. Chen Yu Fei

Q2. The official mascot "Peacko" for the BWF World Championships 2026 is inspired by which animal?

A. Royal Bengal Tiger B. Indian Elephant C. Gangetic Dolphin D. Indian Peacock

Q3. The 30th BWF World Championships 2026 is scheduled to be held at which venue in New Delhi?

A. Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium B. Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium C. Thyagraj Sports Complex D. RK Khanna Tennis Stadium

Q4. PV Sindhu won a Bronze medal at which Olympic Games?

A. Rio 2016 B. Tokyo 2020 C. Paris 2024 D. Beijing 2008

Q5. The Badminton World Federation (BWF) is headquartered in:

A. London, UK B. Paris, France C. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia D. New Delhi, India

Answers: Q1-B, Q2-D, Q3-B, Q4-B, Q5-C

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11. New Damselfly Species 'Lestes paloti' Discovered in Kerala's Western Ghats

Source: AffairsCloud, International Journal of Odonatology | Category: Environment & Biodiversity

What Happened?

A team of Indian odonatologists discovered a new species of spreadwing damselfly, "Lestes paloti," from the Western Ghats in Kerala. The discovery was published in the International Journal of Odonatology. The species was named in honour of Dr. Muhamed Jafer Palot of the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), Kozhikode. It has been recorded across 6 districts in Kerala: Kannur, Kozhikode, Wayanad, Malappuram, Palakkad, and Ernakulam. Unlike most related species, Lestes paloti prefers scrub vegetation around homesteads and laterite hillocks. It changes colour between dry (brown) and monsoon (bluish) seasons. This is the first new Lestes species discovered in the Western Ghats in 97 years, bringing Kerala's odonate species count to 192.

Why is this IMPORTANT for CLAT?

• Western Ghats is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a global biodiversity hotspot — a recurring theme in CLAT environmental law passages.
• New species discoveries in India and the role of ZSI (Zoological Survey of India) are standard CLAT GK/biodiversity facts.
• CLAT passages on wildlife protection frequently reference the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 and biodiversity conservation legislation.
• The Western Ghats' ecological sensitivity and the Supreme Court's jurisprudence on its protection (Kasturirangan Committee Report) is a major CLAT polity-environment intersection.

Key Static Concepts to Link

• Western Ghats: Designated UNESCO World Heritage Site (2012); spans 6 states (Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu); one of 8 global hotspots for biodiversity in Asia.
• Zoological Survey of India (ZSI): Established 1916; headquartered in Kolkata; under Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC).
• Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: India's primary wildlife law; provides for Schedules of protected species; amended several times, most recently in 2022.
• Biological Diversity Act, 2002: Governs conservation of biological diversity and equitable sharing of benefits arising from biological resources.
• Kasturirangan Committee (2013): Recommended Ecologically Sensitive Area (ESA) demarcation in Western Ghats — its report has been at the centre of policy disputes.
• IUCN: International Union for Conservation of Nature — classifies species by threat status (Critically Endangered, Endangered, etc.).

Possible CLAT Questions

Q1. The new damselfly species 'Lestes paloti' was discovered in which ecological zone of India?

A. Eastern Ghats B. Western Ghats C. Deccan Plateau D. Indo-Gangetic Plain

Q2. The Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), which conducted the discovery, is headquartered in which city?

A. New Delhi B. Mumbai C. Chennai D. Kolkata

Q3. The Western Ghats were designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in which year?

A. 2005 B. 2010 C. 2012 D. 2016

Q4. Which committee submitted a report on the Ecologically Sensitive Areas of the Western Ghats?

A. Madhav Gadgil Committee B. Kasturirangan Committee C. K.S. Valdiya Committee D. Both A and B

Q5. Lestes paloti's discovery increased Kerala's total odonate (dragonfly and damselfly) species count to:

A. 170 B. 182 C. 191 D. 192

Answers: Q1-B, Q2-D, Q3-C, Q4-D, Q5-D

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12. NIELIT to Set Up Semiconductor Skill CoEs in Ahmedabad and Guwahati

Source: PIB, AffairsCloud | Category: Economy / Technology Policy

What Happened?

The National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT) announced plans to establish two Centres of Excellence (CoEs) in Ahmedabad (Gujarat) and Guwahati (Assam) to strengthen India's semiconductor ecosystem through specialised skill development. The initiative supports India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) 2.0, approved with an outlay of Rs 1.28 lakh crore. NIELIT has partnered with Tata Electronics, Infineon, and Semiconductor Complex Limited (SCL), Mohali for training in OSAT (Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test) and ATMP (Assembly, Testing, Marking, and Packaging) technologies. The institute will also introduce B.Tech, M.Tech, and diploma programmes in semiconductors. Under the India AI Mission, NIELIT has established 28 AI Labs and trained over 20,000 individuals.

Why is this IMPORTANT for CLAT?

• India's semiconductor policy (ISM 2.0) and technology sovereignty are major CLAT legal/policy themes — featured in RC passages on economic law and industrial policy.
• NIELIT (under MeitY) is a statutory body — institutional knowledge tested in CLAT.
• The India Semiconductor Mission connects to India's industrial policies under Articles 39(b) and 43A (DPSPs) — state's role in economic regulation.
• Skill development (PMKVY framework, National Skill Development Corporation) — a governance theme bridging Centre-State-Private cooperation.

Key Static Concepts to Link

• NIELIT: National Institute of Electronics & Information Technology; established 1994 (as DOEACC Society); renamed NIELIT 2011; under Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY).
• India Semiconductor Mission (ISM): Part of the Semicon India Programme; ISM 2.0 approved with Rs 1.28 lakh crore outlay.
• OSAT: Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test — the segment of chip manufacturing involving packaging and testing (not fabrication).
• MeitY: Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology — the nodal ministry for digital India, semiconductors, and IT policy.
• Semiconductor Complex Limited (SCL), Mohali: Government-owned semiconductor fabrication facility; under Dept. of Space.
• India AI Mission: Government initiative with Rs 10,371 crore outlay for 5 years to build computing infrastructure, research, and startups in AI.

Possible CLAT Questions

Q1. NIELIT, which announced semiconductor CoEs in Ahmedabad and Guwahati, functions under which Ministry?

A. Ministry of Science and Technology B. Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) C. Ministry of Skill Development D. Ministry of Commerce

Q2. The India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) 2.0 was approved with an outlay of approximately:

A. Rs 50,000 crore B. Rs 76,000 crore C. Rs 1 lakh crore D. Rs 1.28 lakh crore

Q3. OSAT in the semiconductor industry stands for:

A. Overseas Semiconductor Allocation and Trade B. Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test C. Optical Semiconductor Assembly and Testing D. Organised Semiconductor Advancement and Technology

Q4. Semiconductor Complex Limited (SCL) — a partner institution for NIELIT's semiconductor training — is located in:

A. Bengaluru, Karnataka B. Hyderabad, Telangana C. Mohali, Punjab D. Pune, Maharashtra

Q5. Under the India AI Mission, NIELIT has established how many AI Labs across India?

A. 15 B. 20 C. 28 D. 42

Answers: Q1-B, Q2-D, Q3-B, Q4-C, Q5-C

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📊 Quick Revision Snapshot

#	Topic	Key Fact	CLAT Category
1	Supreme Court Judges Amendment Bill, 2026	SC strength raised from 33 to 37 (excluding CJI); total 38	Polity & Constitutional Law
2	NITI Aayog BioEconomy Roadmap	Target: USD 691 bn by 2035; Rs 50,000 cr BioEconomy Fund	National Policy
3	EPFO VISHWAS 2026	One-time dispute resolution; valid 6 months from June 29, 2026	Labour Law / Economy
4	RBI FI-Index & SNFA Norms	FI-Index: 70 in FY26; SNFA norms effective Oct 1, 2026	Economy / Regulation
5	Geothermal Wells in Ladakh	India's first; Puga Valley; 1,000m depth; 135°C at 400m; by ONGC	Environment / Energy
6	MoHUA Urban Challenge Fund – Ahmedabad	Rs 2,719.80 cr for 6 projects; 25:25:50 funding ratio	National Policy / Urban Governance
7	AP-UN-Habitat MoU	CoE for Urban Affairs in Amaravati; CM Naidu + UN-Habitat	International Relations
8	72nd National Film Awards	Article 370 – Best Film; Yami Gautam – Best Actress; Mammootty & Kartik Aaryan – Best Actor	Awards & Culture
9	FIFA World Cup 2026	Spain beat Argentina 1-0; Rodri – Golden Ball; Mbappé – Golden Boot (10 goals)	Sports
10	Japan Open 2026 Badminton	PV Sindhu won Women's Singles; Christo Popov (France) won Men's Singles	Sports
11	New Species 'Lestes paloti'	New damselfly; Western Ghats, Kerala; 1st new Lestes in 97 yrs in WG	Environment & Biodiversity
12	NIELIT Semiconductor CoEs	Ahmedabad & Guwahati; ISM 2.0 (Rs 1.28 lakh cr); partners: Tata Electronics, Infineon	Technology Policy

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📌 Prepared by CLATians Editorial Desk | For CLAT 2027 & CLAT 2028 Preparation | Based on The Hindu, Indian Express, Times of India, PIB, ANI